悬停、聚焦和其他状态

Tailwind 中的每个工具类都可以通过在类名开头添加变体来有条件地应用，该变体描述了你要定位的条件。

¥Every utility class in Tailwind can be applied conditionally by adding a variant to the beginning of the class name that describes the condition you want to target.

例如，要在悬停时应用 bg-sky-700 类，请使用 hover:bg-sky-700 类：

¥For example, to apply the bg-sky-700 class on hover, use the hover:bg-sky-700 class:

<button class="bg-sky-500 hover:bg-sky-700 ...">Save changes</button>

.btn-primary {
  background-color: #0ea5e9;
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background-color: #0369a1;
}

.bg-sky-500 {
  background-color: #0ea5e9;
}
.hover\:bg-sky-700:hover {
  background-color: #0369a1;
}

Tailwind 包含几乎所有你所需的变体，包括：

¥Tailwind includes variants for just about everything you'll ever need, including:

• 伪类，如 :hover、:focus、:first-child 和 :required

  ¥Pseudo-classes, like :hover, :focus, :first-child, and :required

• 伪元素，如 ::before、::after、::placeholder 和 ::selection

  ¥Pseudo-elements, like ::before, ::after, ::placeholder, and ::selection

• 媒体和特性查询，喜欢响应式断点，夜间模式，还有 prefers-reduced-motion

  ¥Media and feature queries, like responsive breakpoints, dark mode, and prefers-reduced-motion

• 属性选择器，像 [dir="rtl"] 和 [open]

  ¥Attribute selectors, like [dir="rtl"] and [open]

• 子选择器，像 & > * 和 & *

  ¥Child selectors, like & > * and & *

这些变体甚至可以堆叠以针对更具体的情况，例如在中等断点处、悬停时在夜间模式下更改背景颜色：

¥These variants can even be stacked to target more specific situations, for example changing the background color in dark mode, at the medium breakpoint, on hover:

<button class="dark:md:hover:bg-fuchsia-600 ...">Save changes</button>

在本指南中，你将了解框架中可用的每个变体，如何将它们与你自己的自定义类一起使用，甚至如何创建自己的变体。

¥In this guide you'll learn about every variant available in the framework, how to use them with your own custom classes, and even how to create your own.

伪类(Pseudo-classes)

¥Pseudo-classes

:hover、:focus 和 :active(:hover, :focus, and :active)

¥:hover, :focus, and :active

使用 hover、focus 和 active 变体设置悬停、聚焦和活动时的元素样式：

¥Style elements on hover, focus, and active using the hover, focus, and active variants:

<button class="bg-violet-500 hover:bg-violet-600 focus:outline-2 focus:outline-offset-2 focus:outline-violet-500 active:bg-violet-700 ...">
Save changes
</button>

Tailwind 还包括其他交互式状态的变体，如 :visited、:focus-within、:focus-visible 等。

¥Tailwind also includes variants for other interactive states like :visited, :focus-within, :focus-visible, and more.

有关可用伪类变体的完整列表，请参阅 伪类参考。

¥See the pseudo-class reference for a complete list of available pseudo-class variants.

:first、:last、:odd 和 :even(:first, :last, :odd, and :even)

¥:first, :last, :odd, and :even

使用 first 和 last 变体对元素作为第一个子元素或最后一个子元素进行样式化：

¥Style an element when it is the first-child or last-child using the first and last variants:

<ul role="list">
  {#each people as person}
    <!-- Remove top/bottom padding when first/last child -->
    <li class="flex py-4 first:pt-0 last:pb-0">
      <img class="h-10 w-10 rounded-full" src={person.imageUrl} alt="" />
      <div class="ml-3 overflow-hidden">
        <p class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white">{person.name}</p>
        <p class="truncate text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">{person.email}</p>
      </div>
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

你还可以使用 odd 和 even 变体在元素为奇数或偶数子元素时设置其样式：

¥You can also style an element when it's an odd or even child using the odd and even variants:

<table>
<!-- ... -->
<tbody>
  {#each people as person}
    <!-- Use different background colors for odd and even rows -->
    <tr class="odd:bg-white even:bg-gray-50 dark:odd:bg-gray-900/50 dark:even:bg-gray-950">
      <td>{person.name}</td>
      <td>{person.title}</td>
      <td>{person.email}</td>
    </tr>
  {/each}
</tbody>
</table>

使用 nth-* 和 nth-last-* 变体根据子元素在列表中的位置设置子元素的样式：

¥Use the nth-* and nth-last-* variants to style children based on their position in the list:

<div class="nth-3:underline">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
<div class="nth-last-5:underline">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
<div class="nth-of-type-4:underline">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
<div class="nth-last-of-type-6:underline">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

默认情况下，你可以向这些变量传递任何你想要的数字，并为更复杂的表达式（如 nth-[2n+1_of_li]）使用任意值。

¥You can pass any number you want to these by default, and use arbitrary values for more complex expressions like nth-[2n+1_of_li].

Tailwind 还包括其他结构伪类的变体，如 :only-child、:first-of-type、:empty 等。

¥Tailwind also includes variants for other structural pseudo-classes like :only-child, :first-of-type, :empty, and more.

有关可用伪类变体的完整列表，请参阅 伪类参考。

¥See the pseudo-class reference for a complete list of available pseudo-class variants.

:required 和 :disabled(:required and :disabled)

¥:required and :disabled

使用 required、invalid 和 disabled 等变体设置不同状态下的表单元素样式：

¥Style form elements in different states using variants like required, invalid, and disabled:

<input
type="text"
value="tbone"
disabled
class="invalid:border-pink-500 invalid:text-pink-600 focus:border-sky-500 focus:outline focus:outline-sky-500 focus:invalid:border-pink-500 focus:invalid:outline-pink-500 disabled:border-gray-200 disabled:bg-gray-50 disabled:text-gray-500 disabled:shadow-none dark:disabled:border-gray-700 dark:disabled:bg-gray-800/20 ..."
/>

使用此类变量可以减少模板中的条件逻辑数量，让你无论输入处于何种状态都可以使用同一组类，并让浏览器为你应用正确的样式。

¥Using variants for this sort of thing can reduce the amount of conditional logic in your templates, letting you use the same set of classes regardless of what state an input is in and letting the browser apply the right styles for you.

Tailwind 还包括其他表单状态的变体，如 :read-only、:indeterminate、:checked 等。

¥Tailwind also includes variants for other form states like :read-only, :indeterminate, :checked, and more.

有关可用伪类变体的完整列表，请参阅 伪类参考。

¥See the pseudo-class reference for a complete list of available pseudo-class variants.

:has()

使用 has-* 变体根据元素后代的状态或内容设置元素的样式：

¥Use the has-* variant to style an element based on the state or content of its descendants:

<label
class="has-checked:bg-indigo-50 has-checked:text-indigo-900 has-checked:ring-indigo-200 dark:has-checked:bg-indigo-950 dark:has-checked:text-indigo-200 dark:has-checked:ring-indigo-900 ..."
>
<svg fill="currentColor">
  <!-- ... -->
</svg>
Google Pay
<input type="radio" class="checked:border-indigo-500 ..." />
</label>

你可以将 has-* 与伪类（如 has-[:focus]）一起使用，以根据其后代的状态设置元素的样式。你还可以使用元素选择器（例如 has-[img] 或 has-[a]）根据其后代的内容设置元素的样式。

¥You can use has-* with a pseudo-class, like has-[:focus], to style an element based on the state of its descendants. You can also use element selectors, like has-[img] or has-[a], to style an element based on the content of its descendants.

基于组的后代的样式(Styling based on the descendants of a group)

¥Styling based on the descendants of a group

如果你需要根据父元素的后代来设置元素的样式，则可以使用 group 类标记父元素并使用 group-has-* 变体来设置目标元素的样式：

¥If you need to style an element based on the descendants of a parent element, you can mark the parent with the group class and use the group-has-* variant to style the target element:

Spencer Sharp

Product Designer at planeteria.tech

Casey Jordan

Just happy to be here.

Alex Reed

A multidisciplinary designer, working at the intersection of art and technology.

alex-reed.com

Taylor Bailey

Pushing pixels. Slinging divs.

<div class="group ...">
<img src="..." />
<h4>Spencer Sharp</h4>
<svg class="hidden group-has-[a]:block ..."><!-- ... --></svg>
<p>Product Designer at <a href="...">planeteria.tech</a></p>
</div>

基于同级的后代的样式(Styling based on the descendants of a peer)

¥Styling based on the descendants of a peer

如果你需要根据兄弟元素的后代来设置元素的样式，则可以使用 peer 类标记兄弟元素并使用 peer-has-* 变体来设置目标元素的样式：

¥If you need to style an element based on the descendants of a sibling element, you can mark the sibling with the peer class and use the peer-has-* variant to style the target element:

<div>
<label class="peer ...">
  <input type="checkbox" name="todo[1]" checked />
  Create a to do list
</label>
<svg class="peer-has-checked:hidden ..."><!-- ... --></svg>
</div>

:not()

当条件不成立时，使用 not- 变体设置元素的样式。

¥Use the not- variant to style an element when a condition is not true.

当与其他伪类变体结合使用时，它特别强大，例如将 not-focus: 与 hover: 结合起来，仅在元素未聚焦时应用悬停样式：

¥It's particularly powerful when combined with other pseudo-class variants, for example combining not-focus: with hover: to only apply hover styles when an element is not focused:

<button class="bg-indigo-600 hover:not-focus:bg-indigo-700">
<!-- ... -->
</button>

你还可以将 not- 变体与 forced-colors 或 supports 之类的媒体查询变体相结合，以便仅在用户环境的某些内容不真实时才设置元素的样式：

¥You can also combine the not- variant with media query variants like forced-colors or supports to only style an element when something about the user's environment is not true:

<div class="not-supports-[display:grid]:flex">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

基于父状态的样式(Styling based on parent state)

¥Styling based on parent state

当你需要根据某些父元素的状态设置元素样式时，请使用 group 类标记父元素，并使用 group-* 变体（如 group-hover）设置目标元素的样式：

¥When you need to style an element based on the state of some parent element, mark the parent with the group class, and use group-* variants like group-hover to style the target element:

<a href="#" class="group ...">
<div>
  <svg class="stroke-sky-500 group-hover:stroke-white ..." fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
    <!-- ... -->
  </svg>
  <h3 class="text-gray-900 group-hover:text-white ...">New project</h3>
</div>
<p class="text-gray-500 group-hover:text-white ...">Create a new project from a variety of starting templates.</p>
</a>

此模式适用于每个伪类变体，例如 group-focus、group-active 甚至 group-odd。

¥This pattern works with every pseudo-class variant, for example group-focus, group-active, or even group-odd.

区分嵌套组(Differentiating nested groups)

¥Differentiating nested groups

嵌套组时，你可以根据特定父组的状态设置样式，方法是使用 group/{name} 类为该父组赋予唯一的组名，并使用 group-hover/{name} 等类将该名称包含在变体中：

¥When nesting groups, you can style something based on the state of a specific parent group by giving that parent a unique group name using a group/{name} class, and including that name in variants using classes like group-hover/{name}:

<ul role="list">
  {#each people as person}
    <li class="group/item ...">
      <!-- ... -->
      <a class="group/edit invisible group-hover/item:visible ..." href="tel:{person.phone}">
        <span class="group-hover/edit:text-gray-700 ...">Call</span>
        <svg class="group-hover/edit:translate-x-0.5 group-hover/edit:text-gray-500 ..."><!-- ... --></svg>
      </a>
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

组可以按照你喜欢的方式命名，并且不需要以任何方式进行配置 - 只需直接在标记中命名你的组，Tailwind 将自动生成必要的 CSS。

¥Groups can be named however you like and don’t need to be configured in any way — just name your groups directly in your markup and Tailwind will automatically generate the necessary CSS.

任意组(Arbitrary groups)

¥Arbitrary groups

你可以通过在方括号之间提供自己的选择器作为 任意值 来动态创建一次性 group-* 变体：

¥You can create one-off group-* variants on the fly by providing your own selector as an arbitrary value between square brackets:

<div class="group is-published">
  <div class="hidden group-[.is-published]:block">
    Published
  </div>
</div>

为了获得更多控制，你可以使用 & 字符来标记 .group 在最终选择器中相对于你传入的选择器的位置：

¥For more control, you can use the & character to mark where .group should end up in the final selector relative to the selector you are passing in:

<div class="group">
  <div class="group-[:nth-of-type(3)_&]:block">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
</div>

隐式组(Implicit groups)

¥Implicit groups

in-* 变体的工作方式与 group 类似，只是你不需要将 group 添加到父元素：

¥The in-* variant works similarly to group except you don't need to add group to the parent element:

<div tabindex="0" class="group">
  <div class="opacity-50 group-focus:opacity-100">
<div tabindex="0">
  <div class="opacity-50 in-focus:opacity-100">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
</div>

in-* 变体响应任何父级的状态变化，因此如果你想要更细粒度的控制，则需要使用 group。

¥The in-* variant responds to state changes in any parent, so if you want more fine-grained control you'll need to use group instead.

基于兄弟状态的样式(Styling based on sibling state)

¥Styling based on sibling state

当你需要根据兄弟元素的状态设置元素样式时，请使用 peer 类标记兄弟元素，并使用 peer-* 变体（如 peer-invalid）设置目标元素的样式：

¥When you need to style an element based on the state of a sibling element, mark the sibling with the peer class, and use peer-* variants like peer-invalid to style the target element:

<form>
<label class="block">
  <span class="...">Email</span>
  <input type="email" class="peer ..." />
  <p class="invisible peer-invalid:visible ...">Please provide a valid email address.</p>
</label>
</form>

这使得可以执行各种巧妙的技巧，例如没有任何 JS 的 浮动标签。

¥This makes it possible to do all sorts of neat tricks, like floating labels for example without any JS.

此模式适用于每个伪类变体，例如 peer-focus、peer-required 和 peer-disabled。

¥This pattern works with every pseudo-class variant, for example peer-focus, peer-required, and peer-disabled.

需要注意的是，peer 标记只能用于先前的兄弟元素，因为 后续兄弟组合器 在 CSS 中的工作方式：

¥It's important to note that the peer marker can only be used on previous siblings because of how the subsequent-sibling combinator works in CSS:

<label>
  <span class="peer-invalid:text-red-500 ...">Email</span>
  <input type="email" class="peer ..." />
</label>

区分同行(Differentiating peers)

¥Differentiating peers

使用多个对等点时，你可以通过使用 peer/{name} 类为该对等点指定唯一名称，并使用 peer-checked/{name} 等类将该名称包含在变体中，从而对特定对等点的状态进行样式化：

¥When using multiple peers, you can style something on the state of a specific peer by giving that peer a unique name using a peer/{name} class, and including that name in variants using classes like peer-checked/{name}:

<fieldset>
<legend>Published status</legend>
<input id="draft" class="peer/draft" type="radio" name="status" checked />
<label for="draft" class="peer-checked/draft:text-sky-500">Draft</label>
<input id="published" class="peer/published" type="radio" name="status" />
<label for="published" class="peer-checked/published:text-sky-500">Published</label>
<div class="hidden peer-checked/draft:block">Drafts are only visible to administrators.</div>
<div class="hidden peer-checked/published:block">Your post will be publicly visible on your site.</div>
</fieldset>

对等点可以按照你喜欢的方式命名，并且不需要以任何方式进行配置 - 只需直接在标记中命名你的对等点，Tailwind 将自动生成必要的 CSS。

¥Peers can be named however you like and don’t need to be configured in any way — just name your peers directly in your markup and Tailwind will automatically generate the necessary CSS.

任意同行(Arbitrary peers)

¥Arbitrary peers

你可以通过在方括号之间提供自己的选择器作为 任意值 来动态创建一次性 peer-* 变体：

¥You can create one-off peer-* variants on the fly by providing your own selector as an arbitrary value between square brackets:

<form>
  <label for="email">Email:</label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" class="is-dirty peer" required />
  <div class="peer-[.is-dirty]:peer-required:block hidden">This field is required.</div>
  <!-- ... -->
</form>

为了获得更多控制，你可以使用 & 字符来标记 .peer 在最终选择器中相对于你传入的选择器的位置：

¥For more control, you can use the & character to mark where .peer should end up in the final selector relative to the selector you are passing in:

<div>
  <input type="text" class="peer" />
  <div class="hidden peer-[:nth-of-type(3)_&]:block">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
</div>

伪元素(Pseudo-elements)

¥Pseudo-elements

::before 和 ::after(::before and ::after)

¥::before and ::after

使用 before 和 after 变体设置 ::before 和 ::after 伪元素样式：

¥Style the ::before and ::after pseudo-elements using the before and after variants:

<label>
<span class="text-gray-700 after:ml-0.5 after:text-red-500 after:content-['*'] ...">Email</span>
<input type="email" name="email" class="..." placeholder="you@example.com" />
</label>

使用这些变体时，Tailwind 会默认自动添加 content: ''，因此除非你想要不同的值，否则你无需指定它：

¥When using these variants, Tailwind will automatically add content: '' by default so you don't have to specify it unless you want a different value:

<blockquote class="text-center text-2xl font-semibold text-gray-900 italic dark:text-white">
When you look
<span class="relative inline-block before:absolute before:-inset-1 before:block before:-skew-y-3 before:bg-pink-500">
  <span class="relative text-white dark:text-gray-950">annoyed</span>
</span>
all the time, people think that you're busy.
</blockquote>

值得注意的是，对于 Tailwind 项目中的大多数内容来说，你实际上并不需要 ::before 和 ::after 伪元素 — 使用真正的 HTML 元素通常更简单。

¥It's worth noting that you don't really need ::before and ::after pseudo-elements for most things in Tailwind projects — it's usually simpler to just use a real HTML element.

例如，这里是与上面相同的设计，但使用 <span> 而不是 ::before 伪元素，这样更容易阅读并且实际上代码更少：

¥For example, here's the same design from above but using a <span> instead of the ::before pseudo-element, which is a little easier to read and is actually less code:

<blockquote class="text-center text-2xl font-semibold text-gray-900 italic">
  When you look
  <span class="relative">
    <span class="absolute -inset-1 block -skew-y-3 bg-pink-500" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <span class="relative text-white">annoyed</span>
  </span>
  all the time, people think that you're busy.
</blockquote>

保存 before 和 after 用于伪元素的内容实际上不在 DOM 中并且不能被用户选择的情况。

¥Save before and after for situations where it's important that the content of the pseudo-element is not actually in the DOM and can't be selected by the user.

::placeholder

使用 placeholder 变体设置任何输入或文本区域的占位符文本的样式：

¥Style the placeholder text of any input or textarea using the placeholder variant:

<input
class="placeholder:text-gray-500 placeholder:italic ..."
placeholder="Search for anything..."
type="text"
name="search"
/>

::file

样式使用 file 变体设置文件输入中的按钮：

¥Style the button in file inputs using the file variant:

Choose profile photo

<input
type="file"
class="file:mr-4 file:rounded-full file:border-0 file:bg-violet-50 file:px-4 file:py-2 file:text-sm file:font-semibold file:text-violet-700 hover:file:bg-violet-100 dark:file:bg-violet-600 dark:file:text-violet-100 dark:hover:file:bg-violet-500 ..."
/>

::marker

使用 marker 变体设置列表中的计数器或项目符号的样式：

¥Style the counters or bullets in lists using the marker variant:

<ul role="list" class="list-disc marker:text-sky-400 ...">
<li>5 cups chopped Porcini mushrooms</li>
<li>1/2 cup of olive oil</li>
<li>3lb of celery</li>
</ul>

我们将 marker 变体设计为可继承的，因此尽管你可以直接在 <li> 元素上使用它，但你也可以在父元素上使用它以避免重复。

¥We've designed the marker variant to be inheritable, so although you can use it directly on an <li> element, you can also use it on a parent to avoid repeating yourself.

::selection

使用 selection 变体设置活动文本选择样式：

¥Style the active text selection using the selection variant:

<div class="selection:bg-fuchsia-300 selection:text-fuchsia-900">
<p>
  So I started to walk into the water. I won't lie to you boys, I was terrified. But I pressed on, and as I made my
  way past the breakers a strange calm came over me. I don't know if it was divine intervention or the kinship of all
  living things but I tell you Jerry at that moment, I <em>was</em> a marine biologist.
</p>
</div>

我们将 selection 变体设计为可继承的，因此你可以将其添加到树中的任何位置，它将应用于所有后代元素。

¥We've designed the selection variant to be inheritable, so you can add it anywhere in the tree and it will be applied to all descendant elements.

这使得设置选择颜色以在整个站点上匹配你的品牌变得容易：

¥This makes it easy to set the selection color to match your brand across your entire site:

<html>
  <head>
    <!-- ... -->
  </head>
  <body class="selection:bg-pink-300">
    <!-- ... -->
  </body>
</html>

::first-line 和 ::first-letter(::first-line and ::first-letter)

¥::first-line and ::first-letter

使用 first-line 变体设置内容块中的第一行的样式，使用 first-letter 变体设置第一个字母的样式：

¥Style the first line in a block of content using the first-line variant, and the first letter using the first-letter variant:

<div class="text-gray-700">
<p
  class="first-letter:float-left first-letter:mr-3 first-letter:text-7xl first-letter:font-bold first-letter:text-gray-900 first-line:tracking-widest first-line:uppercase"
>
  Well, let me tell you something, funny boy. Y'know that little stamp, the one that says "New York Public Library"?
</p>
<p class="mt-6">Well that may not mean anything to you, but that means a lot to me. One whole hell of a lot.</p>
</div>

::backdrop

使用 backdrop 变体设置 原生 <dialog> 元素 的背景样式：

¥Style the backdrop of a native <dialog> element using the backdrop variant:

<dialog class="backdrop:bg-gray-50">
  <form method="dialog">
    <!-- ... -->
  </form>
</dialog>

如果你在项目中使用原生 <dialog> 元素，你可能还想阅读有关使用 open 变体的 样式打开/关闭状态 的信息。

¥If you're using native <dialog> elements in your project, you may also want to read about styling open/closed states using the open variant.

媒体和特性查询(Media and feature queries)

¥Media and feature queries

响应式断点(Responsive breakpoints)

¥Responsive breakpoints

要在特定断点处设置元素样式，请使用响应式变体，如 md 和 lg。

¥To style an element at a specific breakpoint, use responsive variants like md and lg.

例如，这将在移动设备上渲染 3 列网格，在中等宽度屏幕上渲染 4 列网格，在大宽度屏幕上渲染 6 列网格：

¥For example, this will render a 3-column grid on mobile, a 4-column grid on medium-width screens, and a 6-column grid on large-width screens:

<div class="grid grid-cols-3 md:grid-cols-4 lg:grid-cols-6">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

要根据父元素的宽度而不是视口来设置元素的样式，请使用 @md 和 @lg 等变体：

¥To style an element based on the width of a parent element instead of the viewport, use variants like @md and @lg:

<div class="@container">
  <div class="flex flex-col @md:flex-row">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
</div>

查看 响应式设计 文档以深入了解这些功能的工作原理。

¥Check out the Responsive design documentation for an in-depth look at how these features work.

prefers-color-scheme

prefers-color-scheme 媒体查询告诉你用户喜欢浅色主题还是深色主题，通常在操作系统级别配置。

¥The prefers-color-scheme media query tells you whether the user prefers a light theme or dark theme, and is usually configured at the operating system level.

使用没有变体的工具来定位浅色模式，并使用 dark 变体来为夜间模式提供覆盖：

¥Use utilities with no variant to target light mode, and use the dark variant to provide overrides for dark mode:

<div class="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 ...">
<!-- ... -->
<h3 class="text-gray-900 dark:text-white ...">Writes upside-down</h3>
<p class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 ...">
  The Zero Gravity Pen can be used to write in any orientation, including upside-down. It even works in outer space.
</p>
</div>

查看 夜间模式 文档以深入了解此功能的工作原理。

¥Check out the Dark Mode documentation for an in-depth look at how this feature works.

prefers-reduced-motion

prefers-reduced-motion 媒体查询会告诉你用户是否已请求你尽量减少不必要的动作。

¥The prefers-reduced-motion media query tells you if the user has requested that you minimize non-essential motion.

使用 motion-reduce 变体在用户请求减少运动时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the motion-reduce variant to conditionally add styles when the user has requested reduced motion:

<button type="button" class="bg-indigo-500 ..." disabled>
<svg class="animate-spin motion-reduce:hidden ..." viewBox="0 0 24 24"><!-- ... --></svg>
Processing...
</button>

Tailwind 还包括一个 motion-safe 变体，它仅在用户未请求减少运动时添加样式。这在使用 motion-reduce 助手意味着必须对很多样式进行 "undo" 时很有用：

¥Tailwind also includes a motion-safe variant that only adds styles when the user has not requested reduced motion. This can be useful when using the motion-reduce helper would mean having to "undo" a lot of styles:

<!-- Using `motion-reduce` can mean lots of "undoing" styles -->
<button class="transition hover:-translate-y-0.5 motion-reduce:transition-none motion-reduce:hover:translate-y-0 ...">
  Save changes
</button>
<!-- Using `motion-safe` is less code in these situations -->
<button class="motion-safe:transition motion-safe:hover:-translate-x-0.5 ...">Save changes</button>

prefers-contrast

prefers-contrast 媒体查询告诉你用户是否请求了更多或更少的对比度。

¥The prefers-contrast media query tells you if the user has requested more or less contrast.

使用 contrast-more 变体在用户请求更多对比度时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the contrast-more variant to conditionally add styles when the user has requested more contrast:

<label class="block">
<span class="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700">Social Security Number</span>
<input
  class="border-gray-200 placeholder-gray-400 contrast-more:border-gray-400 contrast-more:placeholder-gray-500 ..."
/>
<p class="text-gray-600 opacity-10 contrast-more:opacity-100 ...">We need this to steal your identity.</p>
</label>

Tailwind 还包括一个 contrast-less 变体，你可以使用它在用户请求较少对比度时有条件地添加样式。

¥Tailwind also includes a contrast-less variant you can use to conditionally add styles when the user has requested less contrast.

forced-colors

forced-colors 媒体查询指示用户是否使用强制颜色模式。这些模式使用用户定义的文本、背景、链接和按钮调色板覆盖站点的颜色。

¥The forced-colors media query indicates if the user is using a forced colors mode. These modes override your site's colors with a user defined palette for text, backgrounds, links and buttons.

使用 forced-colors 变体在用户启用强制颜色模式时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the forced-colors variant to conditionally add styles when the user has enabled a forced color mode:

<label>
<input type="radio" class="appearance-none forced-colors:appearance-auto" />
<p class="hidden forced-colors:block">Cyan</p>
<div class="bg-cyan-200 forced-colors:hidden ..."></div>
<div class="bg-cyan-500 forced-colors:hidden ..."></div>
</label>

使用 not-forced-colors 变体在用户未使用强制颜色模式时应用样式：

¥Use the not-forced-colors variant to apply styles based when the user is not using a forced colors mode:

<div class="not-forced-colors:appearance-none ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

Tailwind 还包括 强制颜色调整 工具来选择强制颜色。

¥Tailwind also includes a forced color adjust utilities to opt in and out of forced colors.

inverted-colors

使用 inverted-colors 变体在用户启用了反转配色方案时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the inverted-colors variant to conditionally add styles when the user has enabled an inverted color scheme:

<div class="shadow-xl inverted-colors:shadow-none ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

指针和任意指针(pointer and any-pointer)

¥pointer and any-pointer

pointer 媒体查询会告知你用户是否有主要指针设备（例如鼠标），以及该指针设备的精度。

¥The pointer media query tells you whether the user has a primary pointing device, like a mouse, and the accuracy of that pointing device.

使用 pointer-fine 变体定位到精确的指针设备（例如鼠标或触控板），或使用 pointer-coarse 变体定位到精度较低的指针设备（例如触摸屏），这对于在触摸设备上提供更大的点击目标非常有用：

¥Use the pointer-fine variant to target an accurate pointing device, like a mouse or trackpad, or the pointer-coarse variant to target a less accurate pointing device, like a touchscreen, which can be useful for providing larger click targets on touch devices:

<fieldset aria-label="Choose a memory option">
<div class="flex items-center justify-between">
  <div>RAM</div>
  <a href="#"> See performance specs </a>
</div>
<div class="mt-4 grid grid-cols-6 gap-2 pointer-coarse:mt-6 pointer-coarse:grid-cols-3 pointer-coarse:gap-4">
  <label class="p-2 pointer-coarse:p-4 ...">
    <input type="radio" name="memory-option" value="4 GB" className="sr-only" />
    <span>4 GB</span>
  </label>
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
</fieldset>

pointer 仅针对主要指针设备，而 any-pointer 可用于针对任何可用的指针设备。如果至少有一个连接的指针设备符合条件，则使用 any-pointer-fine 和 any-pointer-coarse 变体提供不同的样式。

¥While pointeronly targets the primary pointing device, any-pointer is used to target any of the pointing devices that might be available. Use the any-pointer-fine and any-pointer-coarse variants to provide different styles if at least one connected pointing device meets the criteria.

你可以使用 pointer-none 和 any-pointer-none 来定位没有指针设备的情况。

¥You can use pointer-none and any-pointer-none to target the absence of a pointing device.

orientation

使用 portrait 和 landscape 变体在视口处于特定方向时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the portrait and landscape variants to conditionally add styles when the viewport is in a specific orientation:

<div>
  <div class="portrait:hidden">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
  <div class="landscape:hidden">
    <p>This experience is designed to be viewed in landscape. Please rotate your device to view the site.</p>
  </div>
</div>

scripting

使用 noscript 工具根据用户是否启用脚本（例如 JavaScript）有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the noscript variant to conditionally add styles based on whether the user has scripting, such as JavaScript, enabled:

<div class="hidden noscript:block">
  <p>This experience requires JavaScript to function. Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p>
</div>

print

使用 print 变体有条件地添加仅在打印文档时适用的样式：

¥Use the print variant to conditionally add styles that only apply when the document is being printed:

<div>
  <article class="print:hidden">
    <h1>My Secret Pizza Recipe</h1>
    <p>This recipe is a secret, and must not be shared with anyone</p>
    <!-- ... -->
  </article>
  <div class="hidden print:block">Are you seriously trying to print this? It's secret!</div>
</div>

@supports

使用 supports-[...] 变体根据用户浏览器是否支持某项功能来设置样式：

¥Use the supports-[...] variant to style things based on whether a certain feature is supported in the user's browser:

<div class="flex supports-[display:grid]:grid ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

在底层，supports-[...] 变体生成 @supports rules 并将你在方括号之间与 @supports (...) 一起使用的任何内容（如属性/值对，甚至使用 and 和 or 的表达式）放在方括号中。

¥Under the hood the supports-[...] variant generates @supports rules and takes anything you’d use with @supports (...) between the square brackets, like a property/value pair, and even expressions using and and or.

为了简洁起见，如果你只需要检查一个属性是否被支持（而不是一个特定的值），你可以只指定属性名称：

¥For terseness, if you only need to check if a property is supported (and not a specific value), you can just specify the property name:

<div class="bg-black/75 supports-backdrop-filter:bg-black/25 supports-backdrop-filter:backdrop-blur ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

使用 not-supports-[...] 变体根据用户浏览器是否支持某项功能来设置样式：

¥Use the not-supports-[...] variant to style things based on whether a certain feature is not supported in the user's browser:

<div class="not-supports-[display:grid]:flex">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

你可以通过在 supports-* 命名空间中创建新变体来为你在项目中使用的常见 @supports 规则配置快捷方式：

¥You can configure shortcuts for common @supports rules you're using in your project by creating a new variant in the supports-* namespace:

@custom-variant supports-grid {
  @supports (display: grid) {
    @slot;
  }
}

然后，你可以在项目中使用这些自定义 supports-* 变体：

¥You can then use these custom supports-* variants in your project:

<div class="supports-grid:grid">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

@starting-style

使用 starting 变体在元素首次渲染在 DOM 中或从 display: none 过渡到可见时设置元素的外观：

¥Use the starting variant to set the appearance of an element when it is first rendered in the DOM, or transitions from display: none to visible:

<div>
<button popovertarget="my-popover">Check for updates</button>
<div popover id="my-popover" class="opacity-0 starting:open:opacity-0 ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
</div>

属性选择器(Attribute selectors)

¥Attribute selectors

ARIA 状态(ARIA states)

¥ARIA states

使用 aria-* 变体根据 ARIA 属性 有条件地设置样式。

¥Use the aria-* variant to conditionally style things based on ARIA attributes.

例如，要在 aria-checked 属性设置为 true 时应用 bg-sky-700 类，请使用 aria-checked:bg-sky-700 类：

¥For example, to apply the bg-sky-700 class when the aria-checked attribute is set to true, use the aria-checked:bg-sky-700 class:

<div aria-checked="true" class="bg-gray-600 aria-checked:bg-sky-700">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

默认情况下，我们已包含最常见布尔 ARIA 属性的变体：

¥By default we've included variants for the most common boolean ARIA attributes:

你可以通过创建新变体来自定义哪些 aria-* 变体可用：

¥You can customize which aria-* variants are available by creating a new variant:

@custom-variant aria-asc (&[aria-sort="ascending"]);
@custom-variant aria-desc (&[aria-sort="descending"]);

如果你需要使用一次性的 aria 变体（该变体不适合包含在项目中）或更复杂的 ARIA 属性（该属性需要采用特定值），请使用方括号使用任意值动态生成属性：

¥If you need to use a one-off aria variant that doesn’t make sense to include in your project, or for more complex ARIA attributes that take specific values, use square brackets to generate a property on the fly using any arbitrary value:

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th
        aria-sort="ascending"
        class="aria-[sort=ascending]:bg-[url('/img/down-arrow.svg')] aria-[sort=descending]:bg-[url('/img/up-arrow.svg')]"
      >
        Invoice #
      </th>
      <!-- ... -->
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <!-- ... -->
</table>

ARIA 状态变体还可以使用 group-aria-* 和 peer-aria-* 变体定位父元素和同级元素：

¥ARIA state variants can also target parent and sibling elements using the group-aria-* and peer-aria-* variants:

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
    <th aria-sort="ascending" class="group">
      Invoice #
      <svg class="group-aria-[sort=ascending]:rotate-0 group-aria-[sort=descending]:rotate-180"><!-- ... --></svg>
    </th>
    <!-- ... -->
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <!-- ... -->
</table>

数据属性(Data attributes)

¥Data attributes

使用 data-* 变体有条件地应用基于 数据属性 的样式。

¥Use the data-* variant to conditionally apply styles based on data attributes.

要检查数据属性是否存在（而不是特定值），你只需指定属性名称即可：

¥To check if a data attribute exists (and not a specific value), you can just specify the attribute name:

<!-- Will apply -->
<div data-active class="border border-gray-300 data-active:border-purple-500">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- Will not apply -->
<div class="border border-gray-300 data-active:border-purple-500">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

如果你需要检查特定值，则可以使用任意值：

¥If you need to check for a specific value you may use an arbitrary value:

<!-- Will apply -->
<div data-size="large" class="data-[size=large]:p-8">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>
<!-- Will not apply -->
<div data-size="medium" class="data-[size=large]:p-8">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

或者，你可以通过在 data-* 命名空间中创建新的变体来为你在项目中使用的常见数据属性配置快捷方式：

¥Alternatively, you can configure shortcuts for common data attributes you're using in your project by creating a new variant in the data-* namespace:

@import "tailwindcss";
@custom-variant data-checked (&[data-ui~="checked"]);

然后，你可以在项目中使用这些自定义 data-* 变体：

¥You can then use these custom data-* variants in your project:

<div data-ui="checked active" class="data-checked:underline">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

RTL 支持(RTL support)

¥RTL support

在构建多方向布局时，分别使用 rtl 和 ltr 变体在从右到左和从左到右模式下有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the rtl and ltr variants to conditionally add styles in right-to-left and left-to-right modes respectively when building multi-directional layouts:

Left-to-right

Tom Cook

Director of Operations

Right-to-left

تامر كرم

الرئيس التنفيذي

<div class="group flex items-center">
<img class="h-12 w-12 shrink-0 rounded-full" src="..." alt="" />
<div class="ltr:ml-3 rtl:mr-3">
  <p class="text-gray-700 group-hover:text-gray-900 ...">...</p>
  <p class="text-gray-500 group-hover:text-gray-700 ...">...</p>
</div>
</div>

请记住，这些变体仅在你构建需要同时支持从左到右和从右到左布局的网站时才有用。如果你正在构建一个只需要支持单一方向的网站，则不需要这些变体 - 只需应用适合你的内容的样式即可。

¥Remember, these variants are only useful if you are building a site that needs to support both left-to-right and right-to-left layouts. If you're building a site that only needs to support a single direction, you don't need these variants — just apply the styles that make sense for your content.

打开/关闭状态(Open/closed state)

¥Open/closed state

使用 open 变体在 <details> 或 <dialog> 元素处于打开状态时有条件地添加样式：

¥Use the open variant to conditionally add styles when a <details> or <dialog> element is in an open state:

<details class="border border-transparent open:border-black/10 open:bg-gray-100 ..." open>
<summary class="text-sm leading-6 font-semibold text-gray-900 select-none">Why do they call it Ovaltine?</summary>
<div class="mt-3 text-sm leading-6 text-gray-600">
  <p>The mug is round. The jar is round. They should call it Roundtine.</p>
</div>
</details>

此变体还针对弹出窗口的 :popover-open 伪类：

¥This variant also targets the :popover-open pseudo-class for popovers:

<div>
  <button popovertarget="my-popover">Open Popover</button>
  <div popover id="my-popover" class="opacity-0 open:opacity-100 ...">
    <!-- ... -->
  </div>
</div>

设置惰性元素的样式(Styling inert elements)

¥Styling inert elements

inert 变体允许你设置标有 inert 属性的元素样式：

¥The inert variant lets you style elements marked with the inert attribute:

<form>
<legend>Notification preferences</legend>
<fieldset>
  <input type="radio" />
  <label> Custom </label>
  <fieldset inert class="inert:opacity-50">
    <!-- ... -->
  </fieldset>
  <input type="radio" />
  <label> Everything </label>
</fieldset>
</form>

这对于添加视觉提示非常有用，可以清楚地表明内容部分不是交互式的。

¥This is useful for adding visual cues that make it clear that sections of content aren't interactive.

子选择器(Child selectors)

¥Child selectors

设置直接子级的样式(Styling direct children)

¥Styling direct children

虽然通常最好将工具类直接放在子元素上，但你可以在需要设置你无法控制的直接子元素样式的情况下使用 * 变体结束：

¥While it's generally preferable to put utility classes directly on child elements, you can use the * variant in situations where you need to style direct children that you don’t have control over:

<div>
<h2>Categories<h2>
<ul class="*:rounded-full *:border *:border-sky-100 *:bg-sky-50 *:px-2 *:py-0.5 dark:text-sky-300 dark:*:border-sky-500/15 dark:*:bg-sky-500/10 ...">
  <li>Sales</li>
  <li>Marketing</li>
  <li>SEO</li>
  <!-- ... -->
</ul>
</div>

需要注意的是，由于生成的子选择器的特殊性，直接在子元素本身上使用工具覆盖样式将不起作用：

¥It's important to note that overriding a style with a utility directly on the child itself won't work due to the specificity of the generated child selector:

<ul class="*:bg-sky-50 ...">
  <li class="bg-red-50 ...">Sales</li>
  <li>Marketing</li>
  <li>SEO</li>
  <!-- ... -->
</ul>

设置所有后代的样式(Styling all descendants)

¥Styling all descendants

与 * 一样，** 变体可用于设置元素子元素的样式。主要区别在于 ** 将样式应用于所有后代，而不仅仅是直接子代。当你将其与另一种变体结合使用以缩小选择范围时，这特别有用：

¥Like *, the ** variant can be used to style children of an element. The main difference is that ** will apply styles to all descendants, not just the direct children. This is especially useful when you combine it with another variant for narrowing the thing you're selecting:

<ul class="**:data-avatar:size-12 **:data-avatar:rounded-full ...">
  {#each items as item}
    <li>
      <img src={item.src} data-avatar />
      <p>{item.name}</p>
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

自定义变体(Custom variants)

¥Custom variants

使用任意变体(Using arbitrary variants)

¥Using arbitrary variants

就像 任意值 允许你在工具类中使用自定义值一样，任意变体允许你直接在 HTML 中编写自定义选择器变体。

¥Just like arbitrary values let you use custom values with your utility classes, arbitrary variants let you write custom selector variants directly in your HTML.

任意变体只是表示选择器的格式字符串，封装在方括号中。例如，当元素具有 is-dragging 时，此任意变体将光标更改为 grabbing 类：

¥Arbitrary variants are just format strings that represent the selector, wrapped in square brackets. For example, this arbitrary variant changes the cursor to grabbing when the element has the is-dragging class:

<ul role="list">
  {#each items as item}
    <li class="[&.is-dragging]:cursor-grabbing">{item}</li>
  {/each}
</ul>

任意变体可以与内置变体或彼此堆叠，就像 Tailwind 中的其他变体一样：

¥Arbitrary variants can be stacked with built-in variants or with each other, just like the rest of the variants in Tailwind:

<ul role="list">
  {#each items as item}
    <li class="[&.is-dragging]:active:cursor-grabbing">{item}</li>
  {/each}
</ul>

如果选择器中需要空格，可以使用下划线。例如，此任意变体选择你已添加类的元素内的所有 p 元素：

¥If you need spaces in your selector, you can use an underscore. For example, this arbitrary variant selects all p elements within the element where you've added the class:

<div class="[&_p]:mt-4">
  <p>Lorem ipsum...</p>
  <ul>
    <li>
      <p>Lorem ipsum...</p>
    </li>
    <!-- ... -->
  </ul>
</div>

你还可以在任意变体中使用 @media 或 @supports 等规则：

¥You can also use at-rules like @media or @supports in arbitrary variants:

<div class="flex [@supports(display:grid)]:grid">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

对于 at-rule 自定义变体，& 占位符不是必需的，就像使用预处理器嵌套时一样。

¥With at-rule custom variants the & placeholder isn't necessary, just like when nesting with a preprocessor.

注册自定义变体(Registering a custom variant)

¥Registering a custom variant

如果你发现自己在项目中多次使用相同的任意变体，则可能值得使用 @custom-variant 指令创建自定义变体：

¥If you find yourself using the same arbitrary variant multiple times in your project, it might be worth creating a custom variant using the @custom-variant directive:

@custom-variant theme-midnight (&:where([data-theme="midnight"] *));

现在你可以在 HTML 中使用 theme-midnight:<utility> 变体：

¥Now you can use the theme-midnight:<utility> variant in your HTML:

<html data-theme="midnight">
  <button class="theme-midnight:bg-black ..."></button>
</html>

了解有关在 添加自定义变体文档 中添加自定义变体的更多信息。

¥Learn more about adding custom variants in the adding custom variants documentation.

附录(Appendix)

¥Appendix

快速参考(Quick reference)

¥Quick reference

默认情况下，Tailwind 中包含的每个变体的快速参考表。

¥A quick reference table of every single variant included in Tailwind by default.

伪类参考(Pseudo-class reference)

¥Pseudo-class reference

这是 Tailwind 中包含的所有伪类变体的综合示例列表，以补充本指南开头的 伪类文档。

¥This is a comprehensive list of examples for all the pseudo-class variants included in Tailwind to complement the pseudo-classes documentation at the beginning of this guide.

:hover

当用户将鼠标光标悬停在元素上时，使用 hover 变体设置元素的样式：

¥Style an element when the user hovers over it with the mouse cursor using the hover variant:

<div class="bg-black hover:bg-white ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

:focus

使用 focus 变体对元素获得聚焦时进行样式化：

¥Style an element when it has focus using the focus variant:

<input class="border-gray-300 focus:border-blue-400 ..." />

:focus-within

使用 focus-within 变体对元素或其后代之一获得聚焦时进行样式化：

¥Style an element when it or one of its descendants has focus using the focus-within variant:

<div class="focus-within:shadow-lg ...">
  <input type="text" />
</div>

:focus-visible

当元素获得聚焦时使用使用 focus-visible 变体对键盘进行样式化：

¥Style an element when it has been focused using the keyboard using the focus-visible variant:

<button class="focus-visible:outline-2 ...">Submit</button>

:active

使用 active 变体对元素被按下时进行样式化：

¥Style an element when it is being pressed using the active variant:

<button class="bg-blue-500 active:bg-blue-600 ...">Submit</button>

:visited

使用 visited 变体为已访问的链接设置样式：

¥Style a link when it has already been visited using the visited variant:

<a href="https://seinfeldquotes.com" class="text-blue-600 visited:text-purple-600 ..."> Inspiration </a>

:target

如果元素的 ID 与当前 URL 片段匹配，则使用 target 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if its ID matches the current URL fragment using the target variant:

<div id="about" class="target:shadow-lg ...">
  <!-- ... -->
</div>

:first-child

如果元素是其类型的第一个子元素，则使用 first 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the first child using the first variant:

<ul>
  {#each people as person}
    <li class="py-4 first:pt-0 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

:last-child

如果元素是其类型的最后一个子元素，则使用 last 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the last child using the last variant:

<ul>
  {#each people as person}
    <li class="py-4 last:pb-0 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

:only-child

如果元素是唯一子元素，则使用 only 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the only child using the only variant:

<ul>
  {#each people as person}
    <li class="py-4 only:py-0 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </li>
  {/each}
</ul>

:nth-child(odd)

如果元素是奇数编号子元素，则使用 odd 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's an oddly numbered child using the odd variant:

<table>
  {#each people as person}
    <tr class="bg-white odd:bg-gray-100 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </tr>
  {/each}
</table>

:nth-child(even)

如果元素包含内容，则设置元素样式它是一个使用 even 变体的偶数编号子元素：

¥Style an element if it's an evenly numbered child using the even variant:

<table>
  {#each people as person}
    <tr class="bg-white even:bg-gray-100 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </tr>
  {/each}
</table>

:first-of-type

如果元素是其类型的第一个子元素，则使用 first-of-type 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the first child of its type using the first-of-type variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="ml-2 first-of-type:ml-6 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
</nav>

:last-of-type

如果元素是其类型的最后一个子元素，则使用 last-of-type 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the last child of its type using the last-of-type variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mr-2 last-of-type:mr-6 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:only-of-type

如果元素是其类型的唯一子元素，则使用 only-of-type 变体为其设置样式：

¥Style an element if it's the only child of its type using the only-of-type variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mx-2 only-of-type:mx-6 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:nth-child()

使用 nth 变体为特定位置的元素设置样式：

¥Style an element at a specific position using the nth variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mx-2 nth-3:mx-6 nth-[3n+1]:mx-7 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:nth-last-child()

使用 nth-last 变体为从末尾开始的特定位置的元素设置样式：

¥Style an element at a specific position from the end using the nth-last variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mx-2 nth-last-3:mx-6 nth-last-[3n+1]:mx-7 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:nth-of-type()

使用 nth-of-type 变体为特定位置的相同类型的元素设置样式：

¥Style an element at a specific position, of the same type using the nth-of-type variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mx-2 nth-of-type-3:mx-6 nth-of-type-[3n+1]:mx-7 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:nth-last-of-type()

使用 nth-last-of-type 变体为从末尾开始的特定位置的相同类型的元素设置样式：

¥Style an element at a specific position from the end, of the same type using the nth-last-of-type variant:

<nav>
  <img src="/logo.svg" alt="Vandelay Industries" />
  {#each links as link}
    <a href="#" class="mx-2 nth-last-of-type-3:mx-6 nth-last-of-type-[3n+1]:mx-7 ...">
      <!-- ... -->
    </a>
  {/each}
  <button>More</button>
</nav>

:empty

使用 empty 变体为没有内容的元素设置样式：

¥Style an element if it has no content using the empty variant:

<ul>
  {#each people as person}
    <li class="empty:hidden ...">{person.hobby}</li>
  {/each}
</ul>

:disabled

当输入被禁用时，使用 disabled 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it's disabled using the disabled variant:

<input class="disabled:opacity-75 ..." />

:enabled

当输入被启用时，使用 enabled 变体设置输入的样式，当你只想在元素未被禁用时应用另一种样式时，这种方法最有用：

¥Style an input when it's enabled using the enabled variant, most helpful when you only want to apply another style when an element is not disabled:

<input class="enabled:hover:border-gray-400 disabled:opacity-75 ..." />

:checked

使用 checked 变体为选中的复选框或单选按钮设置样式：

¥Style a checkbox or radio button when it's checked using the checked variant:

<input type="checkbox" class="appearance-none checked:bg-blue-500 ..." />

:indeterminate

使用 indeterminate 变体为处于不确定状态的复选框或单选按钮设置样式：

¥Style a checkbox or radio button in an indeterminate state using the indeterminate variant:

<input type="checkbox" class="appearance-none indeterminate:bg-gray-300 ..." />

:default

使用 default 变体设置页面初始加载时的默认值选项、复选框或单选按钮样式：

¥Style an option, checkbox or radio button that was the default value when the page initially loaded using the default variant:

<input type="checkbox" class="default:outline-2 ..." />

:optional

当输入为可选时，使用 optional 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it's optional using the optional variant:

<input class="border optional:border-red-500 ..." />

:required

当输入为必需时，使用 required 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it's required using the required variant:

<input required class="border required:border-red-500 ..." />

:valid

当输入有效时，使用 valid 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it's valid using the valid variant:

<input required class="border valid:border-green-500 ..." />

:invalid

当输入无效时，使用 invalid 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it's invalid using the invalid variant:

<input required class="border invalid:border-red-500 ..." />

:user-valid

当输入有效且用户与其交互时，使用 user-valid 变体设置其样式：

¥Style an input when it's valid and the user has interacted with it, using the user-valid variant:

<input required class="border user-valid:border-green-500" />

:user-invalid

当输入无效且用户与其交互时，使用 user-invalid 变体设置其样式：

¥Style an input when it's invalid and the user has interacted with it, using the user-invalid variant:

<input required class="border user-invalid:border-red-500" />

:in-range

使用 in-range 变体在输入值在指定范围限制内时设置输入样式：

¥Style an input when its value is within a specified range limit using the in-range variant:

<input min="1" max="5" class="in-range:border-green-500 ..." />

:out-of-range

当输入的值超出范围时，设置输入的样式使用 out-of-range 变体指定范围限制：

¥Style an input when its value is outside of a specified range limit using the out-of-range variant:

<input min="1" max="5" class="out-of-range:border-red-500 ..." />

:placeholder-shown

使用 placeholder-shown 变体显示占位符时设置输入样式：

¥Style an input when the placeholder is shown using the placeholder-shown variant:

<input class="placeholder-shown:border-gray-500 ..." placeholder="you@example.com" />

:details-content

使用 details-content 变体设置 <details> 元素内容的样式：

¥Style the content of a <details> element using the details-content variant:

<details class="details-content:bg-gray-100 ...">
  <summary>Details</summary>
  This is a secret.
</details>

:autofill

当输入已被浏览器自动填充时，使用 autofill 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it has been autofilled by the browser using the autofill variant:

<input class="autofill:bg-yellow-200 ..." />

:read-only

当输入为只读时，使用 read-only 变体设置输入的样式：

¥Style an input when it is read-only using the read-only variant:

<input class="read-only:bg-gray-100 ..." />